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Optimizing Carbon Monoxide Emission Reduction Using Rice Husk Activated Carbon in Automobile Exhaust Systems2024-01-505404/29/2024
This research effort is to optimize the conditions to minimize carbon monoxide (CO) gas emissions utilizing activated carbon derived from rice husks, an abundant agricultural waste. In the automobile industry, addressing vehicular emissions is crucial due to environmental ramifications and stringent regulatory mandates. This study presents an innovative and potentially cost-effective solution to capture CO emissions, mainly from motorcycles. The eco-friendly nature of using rice husks and the detailed findings on optimal conditions (20 m/s gas flow rate, 0.47 M citric acid concentration, and 30 g mass of activated carbon) make this research invaluable. These conditions achieved a commendable CO adsorption rate of 54.96 ppm over 1250 s. Essentially, the insights from this research could spearhead the development of sustainable automobile exhaust systems. By integrating activated carbon into these systems, there’s potential to capture CO and possibly other detrimental gases, reducing theNatrayan, L., Seeniappan, Kaliappan
Technical Paper
Exploring the Mechanical Properties of Modified Pistachio Shell Particulate Composites through Experimental Investigation2024-01-505204/29/2024
The present study focuses on the impacts of pistachio shell particles (2–10 wt.%) on the mechanical and microstructures properties of Al–Cu–Mg/pistachio shell particulate composites. To inspect the impact of the pistachio shell powder content with Al–Cu–Mg alloys, the experimentation was carried out with different alloy samples with constant copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) content. Parameters such as hardness, tensile strength with yield strength and % elongation, impact energy, and microstructure were analyzed. The outcomes demonstrated that the uniform dissemination of the pistachio shell particles with the microstructure of Al–Cu–Mg/pistachio shell composite particulates is the central point liable for the enhancement of the mechanical properties. Incorporating pistachio shell particles, up to 10 wt.%, is a cost-effective reinforcement in the production of metal matrix composites for various manufacturing applicationsOm Prakash, S., Srinivasan, V., Selvaraj, Dinesh Kirupha, Nandhakumar, S., Dharmaraj, T.B.
Technical Paper
Effects of Injection Molding on <italic>Linum usitatissimum</italic> Fiber Polyvinyl Chloride Composites for Automotive Underbody Shields and Floor Trays2024-01-505304/29/2024
The automotive sector’s growing focus on sustainability has been spurred to investigate the creation of sustainable resources for different parts, emphasizing enhancing efficiency and minimizing environmental harm. For use in automobile flooring trays and underbody shields, this study examines the impact of injection molding on composite materials made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Linum usitatissimum (flax) fibers. As processed organic fiber content was increased, the bending and tensile rigidity initially witnessed an upsurge, peaking at a specific fiber loading. At this optimal loading, the composite exhibited tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus values of 41.26 MPa, 52.32 MPa, and 2.65 GPa, respectively. Given their deformation resistance and impact absorption attributes, the mechanical properties recorded suggest that such composites can be efficiently utilized for automotive underbody shields and floor trays. The inherent structure of the flax fiber withinNatrayan, L., Kaliappan, Seeniappan, Balaji, V., Mahesh, V.
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Autonomous Air Taxis Take Flight1345004/26/2024
The best way to bring safety and scalability into eVTOL flight is to do so autonomously. Why? Because increased automation doesn't eliminate humans, it allows them to focus on higher level tasks that make scaling air taxis safer and more accessible. That's the vision behind Wisk Aero, an urban air-mobility company on a mission to leave traffic on the ground and make sustainable, autonomous flight a reality for everyday life. The company is building and certifying the world's first autonomous eVTOL aircraft for commercial passenger use and working with the FAA on a type certification program. To learn more, we sat down with Brian Yutko, CEO, Wisk Aero, to discuss the company's critical interface between autonomy and human oversight, working with the FAA from a regulatory standpoint, the strategic advantages of the Wisk's aircraft design, and the future of autonomous eVTOL flightHineman, Marcie
Podcast
Castings, Classification and InspectionAMS2175B (Current)04/25/2024
This specification establishes nondestructive testing methods, sampling frequency, and acceptance criteria for the inspection of metal castingsAMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Material Specification
Investigation of Different Cathode Path Topologies for Water Recovery in a Heavy-Duty Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Vehicle2024-01-505004/25/2024
Heavy-duty vehicles equipped with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM-FC) are an environmentally friendly alternative to vehicles powered by internal combustion engines. A major challenge for heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles is the potential cooling deficit under high load conditions at high ambient temperatures. To solve this problem, a spray cooling system can be utilized, in which liquid water is sprayed on the main cooler at the front end of the vehicle. The evaporation of the sprayed liquid water results in an increased cooling power. In this paper, the recovery of liquid water within the cathode loop of a mobile PEM-FC system is presented and discussed. For this purpose, three different topologies of the cathode subsystem of the PEM-FC are investigated for recovering liquid water directly from the fuel cell exhaust gas. To obtain liquid water, vapor in the exhaust gas is cooled below the saturation temperature in an additional heat exchanger. Three possible positions ofPetersen, Niels, Wagenblast, Max, Pollak, Markus, Heinke, Steffen, Tegethoff, Wilhelm, Köhler, Jürgen
Technical Paper
Path-Tracking Control for Four-Wheel Steer/Drive Agricultural Special Electric Vehicles Considering Stability2024-01-505104/25/2024
With the modernization of agriculture, the application of unmanned agricultural special vehicles is becoming increasingly widespread, which helps to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce labor. Vehicle path-tracking control is an important link in achieving intelligent driving of vehicles. This paper designs a controller that combines path tracking with vehicle lateral stability for four-wheel steer/drive agricultural special electric vehicles. First, based on a simplified three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, a model predictive control (MPC) controller is used to calculate the front and rear axle angles. Then, according to the Ackermann steering principle, the four-wheel independent angles are calculated using the front and rear axle angles to achieve tracking of the target trajectory. For vehicle lateral stability, the sliding mode control (SMC) is used to calculate the required direct yaw moment control (DYC) of the vehicle, and wheel torque distributionHuang, Bin, Yang, Nuorong, Ma, Liutao, Wei, Lexia
Technical Paper
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024, -T861 Sheet and Plate), Solution Heat Treated, 6% Cold Worked and Artificially AgedAMS4467C (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet and plate supplied in the -T861 temperAMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (Alclad 7075-O) Annealed, Fine GrainedAMS4278C (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet over 0.039 to 0.126 inches (0.99 to 3.20 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness with a fine-grain core of ASTM No. 6 or finer (see 8.5AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Coiled Sheet, Alclad, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (Alclad 2024; -T4 Coiled Sheet), Solution Heat TreatedAMS4475C (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad coiled sheet from 0.010 to 0.128 inch (0.25 to 3.25 mm), inclusive, in thickness supplied in the -T4 temper (see 8.5AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Flash-Welded Rings, 5Al - 2.5V - 4Sn - 1Co - 0.8Fe AnnealedAMS6903 (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, forgings, and flash-welded rings up through 12.000 inches (304.80 mm), inclusive, in diameter or least distance between parallel sides, and stock of any size for forging or flash-welded rings. Bars, forgings, and flash-welded rings with a nominal thickness of 3.000 inches (79.20 mm) or greater shall have a maximum cross-sectional area of 113 square inches (729 cm2) (see 8.5AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Material Specification
Tape for Organic Coatings Adhesion TestingAMS3721A (Current)04/25/2024
This specification establishes requirements for a tape that is used to perform organic coatings adhesion testingAMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Material Specification
Sealing Compound, Integral Fuel Tanks and General Purpose, Intermittent Use to 360 °F (182 °CAMS3276H (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers fuel-resistant polysulfide (T) sealing compounds supplied as a two-component systemAMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
Material Specification
Titanium Alloy Welding Wire, 5Al - 2.5SnAMS4953J (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of welding wire (see 8.5AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Plate (7160-T7651), 7.0Zn - 2.2Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.10Zr, Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved, and OveragedAMS4378A (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 1.000 to 6.000 inches (25.40 to 152.40 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, 2.5Mg - 0.25Cr (5052-H32), Strain Hardened, Quarter-Hard, and StabilizedAMS4016N (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.017 to 2.000 inches (0.43 to 50.80 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy, Extruded Profiles (2395-T84), 3.95Cu - 1.15Li - 0.3Ag - 0.5Mg - 0.1Zr, Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching, and AgedAMS4359A (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded rods, bars, and profiles (shapes) 0.040 to 1.500 inches (1.02 to 38.10 mm), inclusive, in thickness, and produced with maximum cross-sectional area of 23.25 square inches (15000 mm2) and a maximum circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 15.5 inches (394 mm) (see 2.4.1 and 8.6AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Elastomer: Silicone Rubber (MQ/VMQ), General Purpose, 35 - 45 Durometer Type ‘A’ HardnessAMS3301K (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers a silicone (MQ/VMQ) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. This specification should not be used for molded rings, compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applicationsAMS CE Elastomers Committee
Material Specification
Aluminum Alloy Sheet, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024; -T4 Flat Sheet), Solution Heat Treated, High FormabilityAMS4297C (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.020 to 0.128 inch (0.51 to 3.25 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Material Specification
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings and Forging Stock, 6.0Al - 6.0V - 2.0Sn, Solution Heat Treated and AgedAMS6935D (Current)04/25/2024
This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm) in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, inclusive, forgings of thickness up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, with bars and forgings having a maximum cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (204.46 cm2), and stock for forging of any size (see 8.6AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Material Specification
BOLT, MACHINE - DOUBLE HEX EXTENDED WASHER HEAD, CLOSE TOLERANCE SHANK, AMS5643 (UNS S17400), . 3750-24, UNJF-3AAS3170B (Current)04/24/2024
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Technical Standard
Manufacturing and Industry 4.0: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV06202304/24/2024
Muelaner, Jody, Roye, Thorsten
Technical Paper
Plain Spherical Bearing Conformity ExaminationARP5448/6A (Current)04/24/2024
This method outlines a standard procedure for performing conformity tests of bearings utilizing liners of bonded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The data from these tests shall be used to determine if the product meets the conformity requirements of the applicable specificationACBG Plain Bearing Committee
Recommended Practice
Machines and Measurements: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV05202304/24/2024
Muelaner, Jody, Webb, Philip
Technical Paper
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: We Need More Engineers1344904/24/2024
Each year, the U.S. needs roughly 400,000 new engineers. Projections estimate that nearly one-third of these roles will remain unfilled each year through at least 2030. What's worse? There's $450 billion of lost economic output at risk. To address this dire need, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and SAE International are working together to find new and creative ways to close the gap. The 40 by 30 initiative aims to boost the number of women in engineering roles to 40% by 2030, and along the way, open up pathways for all individuals who are interested in training, upskilling, and shifting across engineering disciplines. To learn more, we sat down with SAE Board Member and Trustee, Joan Wills, Executive Director, Software & Electronics Engineering, Cummins Inc., and Sibley Nebergall (Lovett), Partner, BCG, to understand the challenges, the opportunities, and how a public-private partnership can strengthen the engineering talent pipeline. It's an eye-opening conversation you won't want toHineman, Marcie
Podcast